Based on my research, here is my analysis of this claim:
Reasoning:
- Ukraine declared political independence on August 24, 1991, and this was overwhelmingly confirmed by a nationwide referendum on December 1, 1991, with 92.3% of voters supporting independence. Russia formally recognized Ukraine's independence on December 5, 1991.
- However, political independence did not equate to "total autonomy," particularly in economic and business matters. Between one third and one half of Ukraine's trade remained with the Russian Federation after independence.
- Ukraine remained heavily dependent on Russia for energy, with up to 75% of annually consumed gas and close to 80% of oil coming from Russia after 1991. Russian firms owned and/or operated the majority of Ukraine's refining capacity.
- In 1992 and 1993—immediately following independence—Russia suspended gas exports to Ukraine multiple times due to payment disputes, demonstrating ongoing energy dependence rather than autonomy.
- Ukrainian businessmen continued making deals with Russian state firms, serving as middlemen for energy transshipment across Ukraine. The dissolution of the Soviet Union split the pipeline system but created major ongoing economic interdependencies.
- Many Ukrainian enterprises lost suppliers and receivers in Russia after administrative restrictions were imposed, but this reflects the deep entanglement of their economies rather than true separation.
Overall validity: 85%